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2024-2025学年八年级上册英语单元知识速记清单
Unit 8《Natural disasters》
Unit8
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核心话题 | 自然灾害 |
重点词汇 | up, earthquake, coach, flood, village, storm, shake, loud, fear, while, heart, beat, mind, since, still, alive, dark, shout, daylight, asleep, after, direction, nervous, safe, rule, railway, bum, daughter, board, headache, countryside | |
重点短语 | 1.natural disasters 自然灾害
2.thousands of people 成千上万的人 3.crash into 撞上 4.wash away 冲走 5. a heavy storm with thunder and lightning 一场雷电交加的大风暴 6.feel a slight shake 感觉到轻微的震动 7.in all directions 四面八方 8.come down 崩塌,坍塌 9.not...at all 一点也不 10.find one’s way out 找到出路 11.scream in fear 恐惧地尖叫 12.run out of 从······中跑出来 13.be trapped 被困住了 14. hear some noise above me 听到我上面有些噪音 15.move away 移走 16.on the side of the road 在路边 17.as...as possible 尽可能······ 18. cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel用湿毛巾捂住你的嘴巴和鼻子 19. stay low to the ground 贴近地面 20. follow traffic rules 遵守交通规则 21. keep your hand in cold water 把你的手放在冷水里 22.fall over 摔倒 |
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重点句型 | 1. Who will mop up the water if I go home without you?
2. Lightning hit a classroom building and it caught fire. 3. I was sleeping when the earthquake started. 4. A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. 5. Luckily, there was just enough space for me to move. 6. My dad’s car broke down because of the cold weather. 7. When/While/As Millie was watching TV. Andy came into the room. 8. We learnt a lot about keeping ourselves safe from fires, floods, earthquakes and traffic accidents. 9. First, you should keep your hand in cold water for about ten minutes. 10. I was doing my homework in the class-room when Mr. Wu came in and told us to go home early. |
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语法 | 过去进行时 | |
写作 | 自然灾害与人身安全 |
考点1 . thousands of
thousand; hundred; million; billion等数词,当与基数词连用表达确定数量时,要用单数形式,并且后面不接of;当表达概数时,要用复数形式,且后面接of。例如:
Our school is so famous that hundreds of people come and visit it every day.我们学校太有名了以至于每天有数百人来参观。
The volunteer sent two hundreds of books to a mountain village school on Children’s Day.这些志愿者在儿童节这一天给一所山里的乡村学校送去了二百本书。
【经典练】
1. You can see ________ stars if you go out at night.
A.thousand B.thousands of C.million D.million of
【答案】B
【详解】句意:如果你晚上出去,你可以看到成千上万颗星星。
考查大数表达。hundred/thousand/million被数字修饰时用单数,当前面没有数字时要用hundreds/millions/thousands+ of,根据题干可知空前无数字,所以只有B选项写法正确。故选B。
2. Every year ________ people come to our city to visit the museum.
A.thousands of B.thousand of C.thousand D.thousands
【答案】A
【详解】句意:每年都有成千上万的人来我们城市参观博物馆。
考查数词的表达。表示确切的数量,用基数词+数词的单数形式;表示概数,用数词的复数形式+of。空格前无基数词,所以此处应填thousands of,故选A。
【写作佳句】Bing Dwen Dwen, a mascot (吉祥物) for Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, is so cute that tens of thousands of people would like to get one.北京2022年冬奥会吉祥物冰墩墩是如此可爱,以至于成千上万的人都想得到一个。
考点2. beat
beat是及物动词,有以下用法:
(1) 意为“赢;打败;战胜”,后接人或某一团队、组织等,其过去式为beat。例如:
I beat him at long jump yesterday. 昨天跳远我赢了他。
(2) 意为“打;击”,表示连续不断的打击。例如:
Who is beating the drum? 谁在打鼓?
(3) 表示“(心脏)等跳动”。例如:
I feel my heart is beating fast. 我觉得我的心脏在剧烈跳动。
【拓展】
beat和win都有“赢”的意思,但用法不同:
beat的宾语为人或相当于人的团体、组织;而win的宾语为比赛或某个项目,过去式为won。例如:
Though we were weak, we beat them. 虽然我们弱,但我们赢了他们。
Who win the first prize in the competition? 谁在比赛中赢得了一等奖?
【经典练】
1. No.9 Middle School ________ No.2 Middle School in the football match yesterday.
A.passed B.lost C.won D.beat
【答案】D
【详解】句意:在昨天的足球比赛中,第九中学击败了第二中学。
考查动词辨析。passed通过;lost输掉(比赛等);won赢,后跟比赛、奖品等;beat打败某人或者某个集体。空格后的“No.2 Middle School”是对手可知,应用beat表示打败,故选D。
2.No.5 Middle School _______ No. 20 Middle School in the basketball match yesterday.
A.passed B.lost C.beat D.won
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在昨天的篮球赛中,五中击败了二十中。
考查动词辨析。passed通过;lost失败;beat打败某人或者某个集体;won赢,后跟比赛、奖品等。空格后的No. 20 Middle School是对手,应用beat表示打败,故选C。
【写作佳句】— China’s women’s soccer team beat Team South Korea on April 13th. I wonder how they won the game .— They never gave up and fought to the last minute in the game.——4月13日,中国女足击败了韩国队。我想知道她们是如何获胜的。——她们永不放弃,奋战到最后一分钟。
考点3. asleep
asleep是表语形容词,意为“睡着的”,在句中常作表语而不能作定语。例如:
He was asleep when I saw him. 当我看见他时,他在睡觉。
【拓展】
(1) 类似的表语形容词均以a开头的有:afraid害怕的;alike相像的;alone独自的,孤独的;awake醒着的。
(2) “熟睡”只能说fast/ sound asleep而不用very asleep。
(3) fall asleep意为“入睡”,fall用作系动词,asleep作表语。
【经典练】
1.The little girl stayed up late yesterday and she felt ________ today, she is afraid she’ll fall ________ in class.
A.asleep, sleep B.sleepy, asleep C.sleep, sleepy
【答案】B
【详解】句意:小女孩昨天熬夜了,她今天觉得很困,她怕自己在课堂上睡着了。
考查形容词辨析。asleep睡着的,一般作表语;sleepy困倦的;sleep睡觉。短语feel sleepy表示“感觉很困”,短语fall asleep表示“睡着了”。故选B。
【写作佳句】Don’t drink coffee before going to bed, or you won’t fall asleep easily.睡觉之前不要喝咖啡,否则你很难入睡。
考点4. because of
because of 是复合介词,其后接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等。例如:
He lost his job because of his age. 由于年龄关系他失去了工作。
He knew she was crying because of what he had said. 他知道她哭是因为他说的话。
【拓展】
(1) because意为“因为”,表示直接原因。它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的,其语气最强。常用来回答why的提问,一般放于主句之后,也可以单独存在。例如:
I stayed at home because it rained. 因为下雨我待在家里。
Because Lingling was ill, she didn’t come to school. 玲玲因病没有上学。
— Why is she absent? 她为什么缺席?
— Because she is sick. 因为她病了。
(2) because of和because是同义词,都可以表示原因,但是,because的后面用句子;because
of的后面用名词、代词或者动名词短语形式。例如:
I was late this morning because I missed the first bus. 我今天早上迟到是因为我没能赶上第一班公共汽车。
We couldn’t have the sports meeting last Sunday because of the rain. 我们上个星期天没能召开运动会是因为下雨了。
【经典练】
1.I was late for school ________ the bad weather.
A.but B.because of C.because D.and
【答案】B
【详解】句意:由于天气不好,我上学迟到了。
考查连词及短语辨析。but但是,表转折;because of由于,表原因,后跟名词或代词;because因为,表原因,后跟句子;and和,表并列。分析空前后内容的关系可知,前果后因,且原因是名词短语,故选B。
2.We didn’t hold the football match ________ the heavy rain.
A.because B.because of C.since D.about
【答案】B
【详解】句意:因为那场大雨,我们没有举办足球比赛。
考查介词短语。because因为,引导原因状语从句;because of由于;since自从;about关于。根据“the heavy rain”可知,下大雨是没有举办足球比赛的原因,且the heavy rain是名词短语,因此应用介词短语because of来表示“因为”。故选B。
【写作佳句】Because of pollution, this lake is now too harmful to support fish.由于污染,这个湖现在太有害了,不能养鱼。
考点5. happen
happen是不及物动词,它的用法有:
(1) 表示“某地/某时发生了什么事”,常用“sth. + happened + 时间/地点”这一结构,此时主语应该是物。例如:
The story happened in 2008. 这个故事发生在2008年。
An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。
(2) 表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”要用“sth. + happened + to sb.”这一结构。例如:
A car accident happened to her this morning. 今天上午她出了车祸。
What happened to you? 你怎么啦?
(3) 表示“某人碰巧做某事”要用“sb. + happened + to do sth.”这一结构。例如:
I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.
昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。
【拓展】happen和take place的辨析:
(1) happen指具体客观事物的发生,常有偶然性,未能预见性,即“偶然发生”。例如:
What happened to him? 他出了什么事?
(2) take place常用于历史事件或会议的发生,以及化学、物理变化,有事先预料或计划的意思,即“计划发生”。例如:
The party took place yesterday evening. 昨晚举办了晚会。
注意:happen和take place均为不及物动词,无被动语态。
【经典练】
1.— A bad thing ________ in the street just now. An old man fell down and a car hit him.
— So terrible. I’m sorry to hear that.
A.made B.gave C.decided D.happened
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——刚才街上发生了一件不好的事。一位老人摔倒了,一辆汽车撞到了他。——太可怕了。听到这个消息我很难过。考查动词辨析。made制作;gave给;decided决定;happened发生。根据下文“An old man fell down and a car hit him”可知,刚才发生了一件很糟糕的事,故选D。
【写作佳句】If you don’t think something will happen and then it happens, you will feel surprised.如果你认为某事不会发生,然后它发生了,你会感到惊讶。
考点6. while
(1) while是连词,它的意思是“当……时候, 和……同时”。例如:
Our friends arrived while we were having dinner. 当我们吃饭的时候,朋友们来了。
【拓展】
(1) while和when是同义词,while后面的动词是延续性的、可持续性的;when的后面可以是延续性的动词,也可以是非延续性的动词。例如:
I was watching TV when he arrived. 他到的时候我在看电视。(不能用while)
While / When I was cooking, my mother got home. 我做饭时,我妈妈到家了。
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